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Shakespeare and Company is the name of two independent bookstores that have existed on Paris's Left Bank. The first was opened by Sylvia Beach on November 19, 1919, at 8 rue Dupuytren, before moving to larger premises at 12 rue de l'Odéon in the 6th arrondissement in 1922. During the 1920s, Beach's shop was a gathering place for many then-aspiring young writers such as Ezra Pound, Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce and Ford Madox Ford. It closed in 1940 during the German occupation of Paris and never re-opened. The second is situated at 37 rue de la Bûcherie, in the 5th arrondissement. Opened in 1951 by George Whitman, it was originally named "Le Mistral", but was renamed to "Shakespeare and Company" in 1964 in tribute to Sylvia Beach's store. Today, it serves both as a regular bookstore, a second-hand books store, and as a reading library, specializing in English-language literature.〔 The shop has become a popular tourist attraction, and was featured in the Richard Linklater film ''Before Sunset'', and in Woody Allen's ''Midnight in Paris''. ==Sylvia Beach's bookstore== Sylvia Beach, an American expatriate from New Jersey, established Shakespeare and Company in 1919 at 8 rue Dupuytren. The store functioned as a lending library as well as a bookstore. In 1921, Beach moved it to a larger location at 12 rue de l'Odéon, where it remained until 1940. During this period, the store was the center of Anglo-American literary culture and modernism in Paris. Writers and artists of the "Lost Generation," including Ernest Hemingway, Ezra Pound, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Gertrude Stein, George Antheil and Man Ray, among others, spent a great deal of time there, and the shop was nicknamed "Stratford-on-Odéon" by James Joyce, who used it as his office. Its books were considered high quality and reflected Beach's own taste. The store and its literary denizens are mentioned in Hemingway's ''A Moveable Feast''. Patrons could buy or borrow books like D. H. Lawrence's controversial ''Lady Chatterley's Lover'', which had been banned in Britain and the United States. Beach published Joyce's controversial book ''Ulysses'' in 1922. It, too, was banned in the United States and Britain. Later editions were also published under the Shakespeare and Company imprint. She also encouraged the publication in 1923, and sold copies of Hemingway's first book, ''Three Stories and Ten Poems''. The original Shakespeare and Company closed on 14 June 1940, during the German occupation of France in World War II. It has been suggested that it may have been ordered shut because Beach denied a German officer the last copy of Joyce's ''Finnegans Wake''. When the war ended, Hemingway "personally liberated" the store, but it never re-opened. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Shakespeare and Company (bookstore)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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